The core listening experience is the same. Both have Apple’s H2 chip, active noise cancellation (ANC), which uses microphones to cancel out background sound, and a redesigned acoustic system with updated Adaptive EQ.
You also get Transparency mode, Adaptive Audio, Personalized Spatial Audio, Voice Isolation for calls and Conversation Awareness, which lowers your music and lets outside sound in when you start talking. Both are IP57 rated, up from IP54 on AirPods 4, so they can survive a brief dunk in water. Live Translation works on both when paired with an iPhone 15 Pro or later running Apple Intelligence, in supported languages and regions.
Apple says the AirPods 5 generation removes up to 50% more outside noise than AirPods 4 with ANC. Reviewers who tested them on flights and city streets noticed the improvement, though open earbuds still can’t block loud noise as well as the AirPods Pro 3 with their silicone tips.