The two consoles are close cousins inside. Both use AMD chips with 16GB of GDDR6 memory, RDNA 2 graphics and eight Zen 2 processor cores. PS5 games are also built for x86-64, the same processor family used in PCs.
So KytyPS5 doesn’t have to recreate the PS5’s chips in software, which is the slow, hard part of most emulators. It runs the game’s code directly on the host processor and acts more like a translator, turning what a PS5 game asks for into something Windows understands. Its developer describes it as a compatibility layer.
Graphics are the hard bit. On PC, KytyPS5 converts the PS5’s graphics commands for Vulkan, a cross-platform graphics system. Xbox Developer Mode doesn’t support Vulkan, only Microsoft’s own DirectX 11 and DirectX 12, so Uenal had to rework all of that for DirectX. That also means every fix the KytyPS5 team makes on PC has to be adapted again before PS5X can use it.